The study on the potentials of morphometric parameters in the assessment of groundwater and conservation strategies in the Niger Delta was successfully done. The ArcGIS 10.1 software was used for calculation, delineation, and morphometric analysis of the catchment from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The morphometric attributes and runoff relationship was explored for the determination of linear, aerial, and relief aspects of the drainage networks. The DEM derived information revealed a drainage density of 0.3 which indicates low stream frequencies and sparse drainage network. Low drainage density is a favourable terrain for infiltration and groundwater recharge. The infiltration number of 2.97 is moderate and shows potential for active infiltration. A drainage texture 3.3 indicates a coarse texture. This attribute has positive correlation with the drainage density in promoting groundwater recharge. The elongation ratio of 0.65 suggests that the basin belongs to the elongated types and implies a longer duration of the overland flow which offers an advantage to groundwater recharge. The length of overland flow 1.7 indicates a less structural disturbance, and less runoff conditions are good factors for water percolation into the soil. The Constant of channel maintenance (C) 3.3 means an average of 3.3km2 surface area is needed for the creation of one linear km of stream. This implies the soil is porous with a potential land subsidence, erosion, river bank failure and possibility of intrusion of foreign material into the underground water. The relief ratio (Rh) value of 1.29 shows HA5 has a gentle slope. This is a factor to slow runoff, thus, favouring groundwater recharge. The natural and anthropological impacts ranging from saltwater intrusion and effluentrelated contamination from oil spillage, gas flaring, municipal, industries and agriculture will aggravate the contemporary water conditions in the basin and more pressure on the available freshwater. Therefore, concerted efforts are required for proper conservation of the ecosystem and pollution load reduction to engender improved freshwater availability in the basin.

Hydrochemical approach has been used to study and to appraise the features that control the groundwater characteristics and chemical attributes in the Enyigba mining district. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric method was used to analyse twenty groundwater samples collected from the area. Results were further subjected to geochemical parameters including Ion Exchange, Soltan’s, Diamond, Parson, Flickin, Gibbs, and Chadba’s plots. The result showed acidic to basic waters (pH ranges from 3.34 to 7.0). The concentration of heavy metals is Cd>Hg> Pb>Co>Mn. Soft to moderate water has been deduced with Ca+Mg and SO4+Cl, Ca-Mg-Cl, Na+ + HCO3¯ water types in the area. Geochemical studies indicate rock-water interaction and ion exchange due to the dissolution of silicate sand carbonate weathering as the major factor that influences groundwater evolution in the area. Deduction from Soltan’s classification revealed a deep meteoric water type for the groundwater within the area. Potential health effects have been opined due to the carcinogenicity and toxicity of heavy metals.

Electrical resistivity profiling method using the Wenner configuration was employed in conducting horizontal resistivity profiling along the proposed Otuo dam axis with a view of determining rock stratification, orientation, fractures, and lineaments across the proposed dam axis. Result provided by the geophysical investigation should guide in geotechnical investigation along the dam axis and subsequently depth of excavation and treatment of subsurface fissures and cracks. Geoelectric layers encountered can be classified into three groups (low resistivity layers 147 - 334 Ωm, high resistivity layer 504 – 701 Ωm and remarkably high resistivity layer 1149 – 2617 Ωm). From 35 and 96 meters on ERP 1, the basement is concealed by a very conductive material with over 12 meters thick in places. Resistivity values indicate that the material is silt and clayey silt as a major constituent. These materials may be unsuitable as foundation materials / dam construction. In ERP 2, a very conductive zone was observed between 20 – 28m and the layer appears to be concealed by highly resistive layer 5 meters below extending from 20 – 120m and the start to dip. The orientation of the basement rocks from the resistivity section indicates a possible joint or fracture exist between 20 – 28m.

The study investigated the effectiveness of the existing strategies for managing marine transportation incidence alongside socio-economic impacts in Nigeria. Four hundred copies of questionnaire were administered on the respondents drawn from all maritime regulatory agencies, including Nigerian Shipping Council, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency, Nigerian Inland and Waterways, Nigerian Ports Authority and Maritime Police with the use of simple random technique. The Study affirmed availability of strategies for managing maritime transportation incidence in Nigeria however not in full usage hence these strategies are very ineffective. Socio-economic implications were obvious and there is need to curb the negative impacts through government deliberate actions and policies. It is pertinent to state that the study results admit the challenges arising from marine incidences, the non-implementation of existing strategies for management of marine related incidences by ministries, departments and agencies saddled with the responsibilities of maritime protection and management tends to be a major cause of most marine incidences. Hence, for a better maritime protection and management, there is need for these strategies adopted by different MDA’s to implemented and effectively monitor the trend. Hence study recommends enforcement of maritime management strategies amongst maritime based Ministries, Department and Agencies should be given top priority.